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MySQL安装方式总结

时间：2021-07-01 10:21:17 帮助过：7人阅读

  1. yum 安装
  2. MySQL 5.1 为 make 安装
  3. MySQL 5.5 为 cmake 安装
  4. 二进制的方式安装 MySQL
  5. MySQL 的初始化设置

基础环境
  1. [root@mysql ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
  2. CentOS release 6.6 (Final)
  3. [root@mysql ~]# uname -r
  4. 2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64
  5. [root@mysql ~]# uname -m
  6. x86_64
  8. yum groupinstall "Base" "Compatibility libraries" "Development tools" "Dial-up Networking Support" "Performance Tools" "Performance Tools"


一、yum 安装

  1. yum install mysql-server

二、MySQL 5.1 的 make 安装

  1. # 2.1 创建用户与mysql数据存放目录
  2. useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
  3. mkdir /data
  4. chown mysql.mysql /data
  5.  
  6. # 2.2 安装必要包，下载解压
  7. yum install ncurses-devel -y    #没安装包会有这个报错：checking for termcap functions library... configure: error: No curses/termcap library found
  8. mkdir /home/test   
  9. cd /home/test/tools
  10. wget http://cdn.mysql.com/Downloads/MySQL-5.1/mysql-5.1.73.tar.gz
  11. tar xf mysql-5.1.73.tar.gz
  12. cd mysql-5.1.73
  13.  
  14. # 2.3 生成Makefile，编译，安装
  15. ./configure \
  16. --prefix=/application/mysql-5.1.73 \
  17. --with-unix-socket-path=/application/mysql-5.1.73/tmp/mysql.sock \
  18. --localstatedir=/application/mysql-5.1.73/data \
  19. --enable-assembler \
  20. --enable-thread-safe-client \
  21. --with-mysqld-user=mysql \
  22. --with-big-tables \
  23. --without-debug \
  24. --with-pthread \
  25. --enable-assembler \
  26. --with-extra-charsets=complex \
  27. --with-readline \
  28. --with-ssl \
  29. --with-embedded-server \
  30. --enable-local-infile \
  31. --with-plugins=partition,innobase \
  32. --with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static \
  33. --with-client-ldflags=-all-static
  34. make -j 2 && make install
  35. # 提示：可以通过 echo $? 来查看编译安装过程中是否出错

  37. # 2.4 对mysql-5.1.73创建软连接
  38. ln -s /application/mysql-5.1.73/ /application/mysql

  40. # 2.5 提供配置文件
  41. \cp /application/mysql/share/mysql/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf 
  42. #在mysqld中添加    skip_name_resolve =on    innodb_file_per_table = on

  44. # 2.6 初始化mysql
  45. /application/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/ --user=mysql

  47. # 2.7 提供 SysV 脚本
  48. cp /application/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
  49. chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
  50. # 修改basedir和datadir
  51. sed -i ‘46s#\(basedir=\).*#\1/application/mysql#‘ /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
  52. sed -i ‘47s#\(datadir=\).*#\1/data#‘ /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
  53. chkconfig --add mysqld
  54. chkconfig mysqld off
  55. chkconfig --list mysqld

  57. # 2.8 启动mysql
  58. /etc/init.d/mysqld start
  59. # 2.9 将mysql的路径加入环境变量
  60. echo "PATH=/application/mysql/bin/:$PATH" > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
  61. source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh 

  63. # 2.10 输出mysql的库文件给系统的查找路径
  64. echo ‘/application/mysql/lib‘ > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
  65. ldconfig

  67. # 2.11 输出mysql的头文件至系统头文件路径
  68. ln -s /application/mysql/include/mysql/ /usr/include/mysql

  70. # 2.12 将编译的软件man手册加入系统
  71. cat >> /etc/man.config << EOF
  72. # start 20150705 by test
  73. MANPATH /application/mysql/share/man
  74. # end 20150705 by test
  75. EOF

三、MySQL 5.5 的 make 安装

  1. # 2.1 创建用户与mysql数据存放目录
  2. useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
  3. mkdir /data
  4. chown mysql.mysql /data

  6. # 2.2 安装必要包，下载解压
  7. yum install cmake ncurses-devel -y
  8. wget http://mirrors.opencas.cn/mariadb/mariadb-5.5.44/source/mariadb-5.5.44.tar.gz
  9. tar xf mariadb-5.5.44
  10. cd mariadb-5.5.44

  12. # 2.3 编译安装（cmake --> make --> make install）
  13. cmake . \
  14. -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/application/mariadb-5.5.44 \
  15. -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data \
  16. -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/application/mariadb-5.5.44/tmp/mysql.sock \
  17. -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
  18. -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
  19. -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=gbk,gb2312,utf8,ascii \
  20. -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=ON \
  21. -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
  22. -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
  23. -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
  24. -DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
  25. -DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
  26. -DWITH_FAST_MUTEXES=1 \
  27. -DWITH_ZLIB=bundled \
  28. -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
  29. -DWITH_READLINE=1 \
  30. -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \
  31. -DWITH_DEBUG=0 
  32. make -j 4 && make install

  34. # 2.4 创建软连接
  35. ln -s /application/mariadb-5.5.44/ /application/mariadb

  37. # 2.5 提供配置文件
  38. cd /application/mariadb/
  39. \cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf

  41. # 2.6 初始化 mariadb
  42. scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mariadb/ --datadir=/data/

  44. # 2.7 提供 SysV 脚本
  45. cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
  46. chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
  47.  
  48. # 2.8 启动 mariadb
  49. /etc/init.d/mysqld start

  51. # 2.9 将 mariadb 的路径加入环境变量
  52. echo "PATH=/application/mariadb/bin:$PATH" > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
  53. source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
  54.  
  55. # 2.10 输出 mariadb 的库文件给系统的查找路径
  56. echo ‘/application/mariadb/lib/‘ > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
  57. ldconfig

  59. # 2.11 输出 mariadb 的头文件至系统头文件路径
  60. ln -s /application/mariadb/include/mysql/ /usr/include/mysql

  62. # 2.12 将编译的软件man手册加入系统
  63. cat >> /etc/man.config << EOF
  64. # start 20150705 by test
  65. MANPATH /application/mariadb/man/
  66. # end 20150705 by test
  67. EOF

四、二进制的方式安装 MySQL

  1. # 2.1 创建用户与mysql数据存放目录
  2. useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
  3. mkdir /data
  4. chown mysql.mysql /data
  5.  
  6. # 2.2 下载解压并移动到指定目录
  7. mkdir /home/test 
  8. cd /home/test/
  9. wget http://mirrors.opencas.cn/mariadb/mariadb-5.5.44/bintar-linux-glibc_214-x86_64/mariadb-5.5.44-x86_64.tar.gz
  10. tar xf mariadb-5.5.44-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
  11. mkdir /application
  12. mv mariadb-5.5.44-linux-x86_64 /application

  14. # 2.3 对创建软连接
  15. ln -s /application/mariadb-5.5.44-linux-x86_64 /application/mariadb

  17. # 2.4 初始化mariadb
  18. cd /application/mariadb
  19. scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mariadb --datadir=/data/

  21. # 2.5 提供配置文件
  22. \cp /application/mariadb/support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf

  24. # 2.6 提供 SysV 脚本
  25. cp /application/mariadb/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
  26. sed -i ‘46s#\(basedir=\).*#\1/application/mariadb#‘ /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
  27. sed -i ‘47s#\(datadir=\).*#\1/data#‘ /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
  28. chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

  30. # 2.7 提供环境变量
  31. echo "PATH=/application/mariadb/bin/:$PATH" > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
  32. source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
  33.  
  34. # 2.8 启动mysql
  35. /etc/init.d/mysqld start

输出库文件、头文件、man手册和以上5.5 的编译安装一样

五、mysql的初始化设置（对以上安装都适用）

  1. # 登陆
  2. mysql
  4. MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
  5. +--------------------+
  6. | Database           |
  7. +--------------------+
  8. | information_schema |
  9. | mysql              |
  10. | performance_schema |
  11. | test               |
  12. +--------------------+

  14. MariaDB [(none)]> select  user,host from mysql.user;
  15. +------+-----------+
  16. | user | host      |
  17. +------+-----------+
  18. | root | 127.0.0.1 |
  19. | root | ::1       |
  20. |      | localhost |
  21. | root | localhost |
  22. |      | mysql     |
  23. | root | mysql     |
  24. +------+-----------+
  25. 6 rows in set (0.03 sec)

  27. # 删除多余的库和用户
  28. mysql -e "drop database test;"
  29. mysql -e "drop user ‘root‘@‘::1‘;"
  30. mysql -e "drop user ‘‘@‘localhost‘"
  31. mysql -e "delete from mysql.user where user=‘‘ and host=‘mysql‘;"
  32. mysql -e "delete from mysql.user where user=‘root‘ and host=‘mysql‘;"
  33. mysql -e "select user,host from mysql.user;"
  34. mysql -e "show databases;"
  35.  
  36. # 设置密码
  37. mysqladmin -u root password ‘123‘
  38.  
  39. # 设置完密码再次登陆
  40. mysql -uroot -p123 -hlocalhost

  42. # 修改密码
  43. mysqladmin -u root -p123 password 123456


MySQL安装方式总结

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